[Type B] Chapter 12 – Sumita Arora Solutions | Class 12 CS/IP

Here is class 12 computer science [Type B] Unit 12 solutions for Sumita Arora back exercise assignment. Below includes both textual and video solutions wherever required. View all the answers in assignment for chapter 12 and for all chapters here.

Watch all tutorials for chapter 12.

Q1: Find the erroneous bit(s) in the data transmitted as shown below.  Use two-dimensional even parity check.

1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
Separate parity bits from transmitted data

row parities
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 | 0
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 | 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | 1
-----------------------
column parities 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 | 1

in row 1 - 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
we have four 1 bits hence parity bit will be 0 to get even parity
received parity bit is 0 hence no error in row 1

in row 2 - 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
we have four 1 bits hence parity bit will be 0 to get even parity
received parity bit is 0 hence no error in row 2

in row 3 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
we have seven 1 bits hence parity bit will be 1 to get even parity
received parity bit is 1 hence no error in row 3


in col 1 - 1 1 1
we have three 1 bits hence parity bit will be 1 to get even parity
received column parity bit is 1 hence no error in column 1

in col 2 - 1 0 1
we have two 1 bits hence parity bit will be 0 to get even parity
received column parity bit is 0 hence no error in column 2

in col 3 - 1 1 1
we have three 1 bits hence parity bit will be 1 to get even parity
received column parity bit is 1 hence no error in column 3

in col 4 - 1 0 1
we have two 1 bits hence parity bit will be 0 to get even parity
received column parity bit is 0 hence no error in column 4

in col 5 - 0 1 1
we have two 1 bits hence parity bit will be 0 to get even parity
received column parity bit is 0 hence no error in column 5

in col 6 - 0 0 1
we have one 1 bits hence parity bit will be 1 to get even parity
received column parity bit is 1 hence no error in column 6

in col 7 - 0 1 1
we have two 1 bits hence parity bit will be 0 to get even parity
received column parity bit is 0 hence no error in column 7


Note: The two-dimensional parity checks can detect single, two and three errors that occur anywhere in the matrix but it fails to detect four error bits in the transmitted data.


as all the received parity bits are correct there are two possibilities
1. received data is error-less
2. data contains 4 erroneous bits
Q2: Find the erroneous bits in the data transmitted as shown below.  Use two-dimensional even parity check.

1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
Separate parity bits from transmitted data

row parities
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 | 0
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 | 0
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 | 1
-----------------------
column parities 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 | 1

in row 1 - 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
we have four 1 bits hence parity bit will be 0 to get even parity
received parity bit is 0 hence no error in row 1

in row 2 - 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
we have four 1 bits hence parity bit will be 0 to get even parity
received parity bit is 0 hence no error in row 2

in row 3 - 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
we have six 1 bits hence parity bit will be 0 to get even parity
received parity bit is 1 hence there is error in row 3 and it can be any bit out of seven


in col 1 - 1 1 1
we have three 1 bits hence parity bit will be 1 to get even parity
received column parity bit is 1 hence no error in column 1

in col 2 - 1 0 1
we have two 1 bits hence parity bit will be 0 to get even parity
received column parity bit is 0 hence no error in column 2

in col 3 - 1 0 1
we have two 1 bits hence parity bit will be 0 to get even parity
received column parity bit is 1 hence there is error in column 3

in col 4 - 1 0 1
we have two 1 bits hence parity bit will be 0 to get even parity
received column parity bit is 0 hence no error in column 4

in col 5 - 0 1 1
we have two 1 bits hence parity bit will be 0 to get even parity
received column parity bit is 0 hence no error in column 5

in col 6 - 0 0 1
we have one 1 bits hence parity bit will be 1 to get even parity
received column parity bit is 1 hence no error in column 6

in col 7 - 0 1 1
we have two 1 bits hence parity bit will be 0 to get even parity
received column parity bit is 0 hence no error in column 7


Note: The two-dimensional parity checks can detect single, two and three errors that occur anywhere in the matrix but it fails to detect four error bits in the transmitted data.

with above analysis we found that erroneous bit is present in 3rd row and 3rd column
hence the 3rd bit present in 3rd row is damaged bit
Q3: Data received by a device is as given below.  The data has been sent with a checksum.  Find out if the received data is correct or not?

1000 0110 0101 1110
1010 1100 0110 0000
0111 0001 0010 1001
1000 0001 1001 0101
1101 1010 0110 0000
When data is received
the received data unit is divided into segments of m bits where m is size of checksum
All the m bit segments are added along with the checksum value.
The value so obtained is complemented and the result is checked.
 
following two cases are possible-
If the result is zero,
Receiver assumes that there is no error in received data
and receiver accepts the data.

If the result is non-zero,
Receiver assumes that there is error in received data
and receiver discards the data

In this example we are considering m = 16 bit

Received data:
1000 0110 0101 1110
1010 1100 0110 0000
0111 0001 0010 1001
1000 0001 1001 0101
1101 1010 0110 0000


1000 0110 0101 1110
+ 1010 1100 0110 0000
-----------------------
1 0011 0010 1011 1110
+ 1 (add carry forward 1 to answer)
----------------------------
0011 0010 1011 1111
+ 0111 0001 0010 1001
----------------------------
1010 0011 1110 1000
+ 1 1000 0001 1001 0101
----------------------------
0010 0101 0111 1101
+ 1
----------------------------
0010 0101 0111 1110
+ 1101 1010 0110 0000
-----------------------------
1111 1111 1101 1110

complement: 0000 0000 0010 0001
as complement is not zero receiver will discard the data.

 

Q.4: Consider the following network map showing how routers of various networks are connected.



Prepare routing tables for any three routers of your choice.

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